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1272 AD Edward I succeeds to English throne and has the intention of not allowing independent states to border his own kingdom. LLywelyn (II) refuses to attend the coronation or be part of Edwards Parliament. LLywelyn (II) does not recognise the supremacy of the English king.

1277 AD Edward I invades Wales and declares LLywelyn (II) a rebel. LLywelyn's army gives a fierce resistance, but has it's supply base cut by the Edwards fleet at Anglesey.

LLywelyn (II) sues for peace and a treaty was signed with LLywelyn (II) keeping the title Prince Of Wales, but with no power for administration of Wales.

Edward instigates a huge Castle building program to subdue thoughts and actions of Welsh independence.

1282 AD Welsh anger finally overflows and LLywelyn (II) along with his brother Dafydd attack the English and an uprising ensues.

After a series of successful battles the Welsh are defeated by Edward I who launches a massive attack on both land and sea. LLywelyn (II) is killed after seeking support at Aberdaw Castle to which he was refused entry.

His brother continues the rebellion, but is also betrayed and captured. Dafydd is hung drawn and quartered.

Edward increases further his Castle building program. The Marcher Lords now have rule of most of the Welsh lands in the name of the English King.

1400 AD After two and a half centuries of English rule Owain Glyndwr declares himself Prince Of Wales, and embarks on rebellion against the occupation of Wales by England.

The Welsh flock to his banner and the English King Henry IV launches an invasion, but his army is defeated by violent weather storms and fierce resistance.

1403 AD Welsh control most of Wales and gain the support of the French King, who sends a fleet of ships to the Irish sea in aid of Owain Glyndawr.

1410 AD The rebellion fails as Henry IV crushes his rebellious Barons and his military wear down the Welsh army in a series of Battles. Owain Glyndawr, a mystical leader to the Welsh (said to have the power of wizardry), disappears and is not seen again.

1413 AD The new English King Henry V proclaims a free pardon for Owain Glyndawr but receives no reply.

1485 AD Henry Tudor (Henry VII) becomes the first Welsh born and ancestor'ed King of England.

1642 AD Welsh support the Royalist cause in the English Civil War in return for continuation of freedoms first granted by Henry Tudor.

After the English King Charles I execution, Oliver Cromwell the Parliamentarian leader slights (makes non-defendable) many Castles in Wales, so that the Welsh cannot effect a rebellion.

Wales and Welsh History. From a King to a Prince.

Celtic Tribal Era

Queen Boudicca (Boadicea)

King Caractacus (Caradog)

King Arthur Of The Britains

After defeating the Norsemen, a first King of Wales is created.

856 - Rhodri the great

878 - Anarawd son of Rhodri

920 - Hywel Ap Cadell grandson of Rhodri

1039 - Gruffudd Ap Llewelyn

Non unified Wales.

1063 - Local princes rule

A unified Wales under a new King.

1078 - Rhys Ap Twdwr

Norman occupation.

1081 - Local princes have power struggles

1114 - Owain Ap Cadwgan & Gruffudd Ap Cynan the Welsh princes swear loyalty to the Normans

1136 - Rebellion by the nationalists

1146 - Rebellion is successful but effects no single ruler

A unified Wales under a new King.

1215 - Llewelyn

1256 - Llewelyn II

1257 - Treaty with Henry III of England. Llewelyn II acknowledged as prince of Wales, but not King.

English occupation.

1277 - English military occupation of Wales

1282 - Rebellion... But Llewelyn is caught and executed

1284 - Statute of Wales declared... All lands are divided into small Shires

1301 - Prince Edward of England... Wales becomes an English controlled Principality

1400 - Owain Glyn Dwr rebellion... The last royal to lead a free Wales struggle.

Other Events In Welsh Life.

The events in the country of Wales

after the loss of the Royal lines,

mainly centre on the struggle for Social Justice.

1839 AD = The Chartist Movement. (Social rights riots)

The Children of Rebecca (Anti Tollgate and Poor Law riots.)

The National Anthem of Wales

(The land of my fathers)

Welsh version

Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl i mi

Gwlad beirdd a chantorion,einwogion o fri

Ei gwrol ryfelwyr,gwlardgarwyr tra mad

Tros ryddid collasant en gwaed.

Gwlad,gwlad,pleidiol wyfim gwlad

Tra mor yn fur ir bur hoffbau

O bydded ir heniaith barhau.

Hen gymru fynddig,paradwys y bardd

Pob dyffryn,pob clogwyn im gowlog sydd harrd

Trwy deimlad gwladgarol,mor swynol yw si

Ei nentydd,afonydd,i mi.

Os treisiodd y gelyn fy ngwlad tan ei droed

Mae hen iaith y Cymry mor fyw ag erioed

NI luddiwyd yr awen gan erchyll law brad

Na thelyn berseiniol fy ngwlad.

English translation

The land of my fathers is dear unto me

Old land where the minstrals

are honoured and free

It's warring defenders so gallant and brave

For freedom thier lifes blood they gave

Home,home true am i to home

While seas secure the land so pure

O may the old language endure.

Old land of the mountains,the eden of bards

Each george and each vally

a loveliness guards

Through love of my country,

charmed voices will be

Its streams and its rivers to me.

Though foremen have trampled

my land neath their feet

The language of Cambria

still knows no retreat

The muse is not vanquished

by traitors fell hand

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