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Wales and the Welsh history notes - Page 4
1240 AD LLywelyn (I) dies with no successor after disowning his son for not recognising the English Kings authority and inviting invasion... LLywelyn ap Gruffydd seizes power, calling himself Prince Of Wales, to avoid conflict with the English King.
He joins the English Barons in their conflict with King Henry III. King Henry is forced to recognise LLywelyn (II) as Prince of Wales (But not King) in the treaty of Montgomery. LLywelyn (II) would become the only native born Prince of Wales.
1272 AD Edward I succeeds to English throne and has the intention of not allowing independent states to border his own kingdom. LLywelyn (II) refuses to attend the coronation or be part of Edwards Parliament. LLywelyn (II) does not recognise the supremacy of the English king.
1277 AD Edward I invades Wales and declares LLywelyn (II) a rebel. LLywelyn's army gives a fierce resistance, but has it's supply base cut by the Edwards fleet at Anglesey.
LLywelyn (II) sues for peace and a treaty was signed with LLywelyn (II) keeping the title Prince Of Wales, but with no power for administration of Wales.
Edward instigates a huge Castle building program to subdue thoughts and actions of Welsh independence.
1282 AD Welsh anger finally overflows and LLywelyn (II) along with his brother Dafydd attack the English and an uprising ensues.
After a series of successful battles the Welsh are defeated by Edward I who launches a massive attack on both land and sea. LLywelyn (II) is killed after seeking support at Aberdaw Castle to which he was refused entry.
His brother continues the rebellion, but is also betrayed and captured. Dafydd is hung drawn and quartered.
Edward increases further his Castle building program. The Marcher Lords now have rule of most of the Welsh lands in the name of the English King.
1400 AD After two and a half centuries of English rule Owain Glyndwr declares himself Prince Of Wales, and embarks on rebellion against the occupation of Wales by England.
The Welsh flock to his banner and the English King Henry IV launches an invasion, but his army is defeated by violent weather storms and fierce resistance.
1403 AD Welsh control most of Wales and gain the support of the French King, who sends a fleet of ships to the Irish sea in aid of Owain Glyndawr.
1410 AD The rebellion fails as Henry IV crushes his rebellious Barons and his military wear down the Welsh army in a series of Battles. Owain Glyndawr, a mystical leader to the Welsh (said to have the power of wizardry), disappears and is not seen again.
1413 AD The new English King Henry V proclaims a free pardon for Owain Glyndawr but receives no reply.
1485 AD Henry Tudor (Henry VII) becomes the first Welsh born and ancestor'ed King of England.
1642 AD Welsh support the Royalist cause in the English Civil War in return for continuation of freedoms first granted by Henry Tudor.
After the English King Charles I execution, Oliver Cromwell the Parliamentarian leader slights (makes non-defendable) many Castles in Wales, so that the Welsh cannot effect a rebellion. [ More]
